Alternative therapies for recurrent cystitis in menopausal women

Worldwide, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are reported in 150-250 million people per year. Annual direct and indirect costs of UTIs for overall patients estimated to be from $2.4 billion $3.5 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause UTIs. These bacteria have ability colonize urothelium, persist epithelial cells, form quiescent biofilms. This bacterial reservoir may provide a source persistence recurrence. Besides, recurrent caused by translocation other which originate gastrointestinal or reinfections due external sources. Menopause pregnancy considered as complicating factors that predispose Oral vaccine OM-89 D-mannose specified European Urological Association guidelines among non-pharmacological methods prevention postmenopausal women. The rationale use UTI prophylaxis based on its competitive inhibition adherence urothelial cells binding type 1 fimbriae expressed bacteria. Exogenous absorbed, but not metabolized human body it excreted intact urine. In vivo vitro studies showed mannose-like molecules 2-fold reduction load after 4 intravesical instillations. Clinical also demonstrated high efficacy six months course oral mannose